Fan-Lit

Welcome Everyone!

Welcome Everyone!

Thanks for visiting my blog where I review books and stories. I am a published author and I have a Master's Degree in English and Creative Writing. Some of my favorite books are "The Hunger Games" series, the "Percy Jackson and the Olympians" series and Brandon Sanderson's "Skyward" series. I love to read and write short stories; as well as discuss writing and literature in any medium. Hope you enjoy and feel free to comment and make recommendations.



Thursday, February 16, 2023

Review of “The Last of the Moon Girls” by Barbara A. Davis

 

Review of “The Last of the Moon Girls” by Barbara A. Davis

Eight years ago, Elzibeth “Lizzy” Moon left her small hometown of Salem Creek and moved to New York City. She works as a creative director for a perfume company and when she gets news that her grandmother, Althea Moon, has died, she makes the hard decision to go back and revisit her past. The Moon women all possess unique magical abilities and while never said in the book, people suspect them of witchcraft. Eight years before she left, two teenage sisters were murdered and Althea was the prime suspect. The girls were found dead in a pond on Moon Girl Farm, the land that Althea owned. When Lizzy comes back to town, she is determined to clear her grandmother's name and sell the farm.

 

Unfortunately the farm buildings need a lot of work, and her childhood neighbor Andrew, who is an architect and contractor, has taken it upon himself to fix it up. The two reconnect and Andrew confesses his feelings, while Lizzy makes it clear she can't have a “normal” relationship because of her family history. Althea’s friend Evvie currently lives at the farm, and then Lizzy’s estranged mom shows up all the while Lizzy is stirring up old feelings in the town about the murder of the Gillman girls. Not every one wants to know the truth, and when Lizzy is threatened, she does not back down.

 

This was a book that I had seen scrolling through Kindle or browsing at Barnes and Noble, but had no idea what it was about. I decided to give it a read mostly because I love the title. The book starts off slow, establishing Lizzy’s life in New York and her complicated relationship with her boss. The story begins to take shape once Lizzy reaches the farm. Wanting to be rid of her family’s past, she was in a hurry to get the farm ready to sell. Her interactions with Evvie and the book that her grandmother wrote to her, encouraged Lizzy to solve the mystery of the Gillman murders to clear her family's name.

 

The narrative structure of the book is done well. Author Barbara Davis uses excerpts from Althea’s book to push and motivate Lizzy’s actions along the way. Bits and pieces of new information are slowly revealed about the murder and the threat to Lizzy increases as the book progresses. Even though the mystery is a bit predictable, and the truth was not as salacious as I wanted, it was still well executed. I enjoyed Lizzy conducting her own investigation and questioning people, with some help from an ex Salem Creek police officer.

 

Even though I enjoyed the main character Lizzy Moon, her character development was a bit underwhelming. The romance subplot was cliché but also rushed. Numerous times Lizzy tells Andrew she can’t be with him but she never admits that she has any romantic feelings for him. The better relationship that has less time but better development is between Lizzy and her mother.

 

The town itself is very much a character. It represents the hatred, persecution, and how fear and the unknowing drive people’s judgments and actions. The Moons were already seen as “weird” before the townsfolk thought Althea killed the Gillman sisters. After the murders, the Moon’s were shunned by certain people and it's a big reason why Lizzy left in the first place.


Not knowing what to expect from this book, I was pleasantly surprised. Once Lizzy gets to the farm and the murder investigation starts, I was hooked. Even though we never actually meet Althea Moon, her presence and wisdom loom over the whole book. It has a lot of cliché’s and as I mentioned some the character developments were lacking. Despite its flaws, I loved this book and want to read it again. It’s a young women’s journey into adulthood with the stigma of her past and family ostracizing her from the community wrapped up in a murder mystery.

Thanks you all for reading and please leave comment below about your thoughts on the book.

Wednesday, February 1, 2023

Review of “The Wise Man's Fear” by Patrick Rothfuss

 

Review of “The Wise Man's Fear” by Patrick Rothfuss

A The Kingkiller Chronicles novel

The follow-up to The Name of the Wind picks up right where the last book left off. The story continues Kvothe's early days at the university and revolves around some young adult drama and romance. The first half or so of the book takes place at the university before Kvothe leave and starts a new journey. While I enjoy the expansion of world building in the latter part of the book, my favorite parts of the story take place at the university. I just love the characters and lifestyle that revolves around the university. 

 

This book does expand the world the author has built, by having Kvothe travel to other cities and different regions of Temerant. While I do like seeing more of how this world operates, I think this book has too much going on, that makes the story feel like it is being dragged out. There are parts where the pacing feels really slow. This book feels like the author committed to doing a trilogy before actually planning out the story, because parts of this book could have been saved for another book, to make the narrative flow better.

 

For me, I love the characters and interactions at the university. That’s the heart of the story. I love the relationships and friendships between Kvothe and the other students. In this book Kvothe also has a sexual awakening, which feels appropriate when he returns to the university. One thing that I like is that one of the female characters flirts with Kvothe, and he is either oblivious or ignores her because he is hung up on another girl. It feels very much like the reaction of a teenage boy, and in the end his friend gets the girl.

 


While this book does a good job continuing the story of young Kvothe, it does leave me wondering if we are ever going to catch up with his life as older Kvothe. Given there is only one book left in the trilogy. Kvothe does learn a bit more about the people that killed his parents, and we still don’t know who Denna’s “master Ash” is, which I hope we get answers to in the next book.

 

There are aspects of this story that I enjoy more than the first book, but I think the narrative structure isn’t as solid as the first book. It very much feels like a middle chapter to a trilogy. I still enjoy these characters and look forward to (someday) reading the third book.


Thank you for reading this review, follow me on Twitter, @AshlieKManger. If you want to support the blog and me as a writer, you can buy me a cup of coffee. https://www.buymeacoffee.com/TheChosenGirlA

If you're interested in a female werewolf YA story read my story "The Lunar Spirit" on WattPad https://www.wattpad.com/story/306771957-the-lunar-spirit


Tuesday, January 24, 2023

Review of "Name of the Wind" by Patrick Rothfuss

 

“The Name of the Wind” by Patrick Rothfuss review

A The Kingkiller Chronicles novel

As someone who doesn’t read a lot of fantasy novels, this book was recommended to me after I stopped reading “The Way of Kings” by Brandon Sanderson because I felt it too dry. So, I was a bit skeptical when I started this book. The opening sets up the narrative framework for the story. A man that chronicles stories of extraordinary people find an innkeeper (Kvothe) with an extraordinary journey. The book is mostly told as one big flashback with interspersed moments of the innkeeper and the chronicler. While I understand the author setting up the story of Kvothe, building the mystery about his past, I find the parts at the Inn to be a bit, uninteresting.

 

As the story continued, I found myself sucked into the journey of young Kvothe. I loved how the author portrayed Kvothe’s parents. They had personality and genuinely loved each other as well as Kvothe; while also teaching him life lessons. They weren’t bland, overbearing parents. They were real people, and that attachment to these characters is what drew me into the story.

When a terrible accident occurs, Kvothe is left alone, orphaned and in the middle of nowhere, with one goal in mind. He wants to attend the university and become an arcanist to study what happened to his parents. This is where a good chunk of the story takes places and I enjoy the adolescent antics that occur at the university. Kvothe also meets a mysterious young girl, that becomes a focal point and motivation for much of his journey.

 

The overarching plot of Kvothe trying to learn about the people that killed his parents, plays out more towards the end of the book. The author only offers crumbs of information and brings up more questions than it answers. The title of the book, “the name of the wind” is a central theme around the character of Kvothe and adds to his power and mystique by the end of the book.

 

While the narrative framework of an older Kvothe recanting his life story is interesting, I find the opening can be a bit boring; and the interludes at times slow down the pace of the novel. The world that Rothfuss has created is both detailed and immersive. The dialogue is easy to follow even if some of the elements (magic, currency, locations, social customs) can be hard to understand at first. While the fantasy world does have magic and monsters, it treats them in a way that feels grounded and realistic. Characters are the central focus and the world building around them enhances the story, but it's not what kept me returning.

 

This is the first book in a trilogy, so the story is not complete, and the ending made me want to pick up the next book immediately. I went in a bit hesitant about reading this book, partially because it is very long. However, I really enjoy young Kvothe’s journey and the world of Temerant, that author Patrick Rothfuss has created. The magic system is well done, and the different cultures, peoples and races are well developed. I look forward to reading the series, if Rothfuss ever completes the trilogy.

Wednesday, December 21, 2022

Re-read of Percy Jackson and the Olympians series

With the upcoming Disney Plus show, I decided to do a reread of the Percy Jackson series. I first read the books back in 2010-2011, and I loved it. I liked the movies, but they were very different. So, I'm excited and hopeful that the TV show will be good. I was nervous to see if I would still like these books now that I'm older. I am pleased to say that, while yes these books are for a younger audience, I still had a lot of fun reading the first book. It feels great to get back into this world again. I'm looking forward to see if the second book will still be my favorite. I love the pacing of this book, it keeps moving along, no filler, and I love the character interactions.

Even though I do have physical copies of the books, I am doing this re-read with audiobooks, and the narrator does a decent job, but sounds very young. So, I'll be doing book reviews for all five books in the series. I'll do a ranking of the books when I'm done, just to compare to what my rankings were prior to this re-read. So, if you're a Percy Jackson fan stay tuned to the blog for reviews. I'll also be doing reviews on my YouTube channel and podcast channel. It will be called the Percy Jack:Son of Poseidon podcast. 

Follow me on social media @AshlieKManger for updates on when the podcast goes live. Be sure to let me know what your thoughts are about the Percy Jackson books. Thank you for reading and take care! Happy Holidays!


Wednesday, October 26, 2022

Alpha and Omega "Cry Wolf" by Patricia Briggs


Alpha and Omega book “Cry wolf” by Patricia Briggs


A spin-off from of the Mercy Thompson books, this series follows the son of Bran (leader of the wolves in America), Charles and his mate Anna. Both Bran and his sons Charles and Samuel are recurring character in the Mercy Thompson series, but this book focuses solely on Charles and his mate Anna, and we learn more about Bran and his sons. “Cry Wolf” is actually a continuation of a short story titled “Alpha and Omega”. 




Author Patricia Briggs wrote a collection of short stories set in the Mercy Thompson world. The first short story titled “Silver” tells the origin story of Bran, whose mother was a witch and turned him and his son Samuel into werewolves. It’s an interesting story that offers more insight into Bran as a character. The short story Alpha and Omega is about how Charles and Anna meet at her old pack. The book “Cry Wolf”, picks up right where the short story left off, and explores the budding relationship between Charles and Anna.


Anna is a shy girl, that had been mistreated by her old pack and is uncomfortable being with a man. Charles is the son of the Alpha of all wolves in America, and is himself an Alpha, and not used to someone like Anna. It’s revealed in the short story that Anna is an Omega wolf, which means she has unique qualities that other wolves don’t possess. As an Omega, Anna isn’t compelled to follow the orders or influences of an Alpha. Omegas can also influence others wolves themselves but are similar to Submissive wolves. Omegas are rare, and they are born that way.


This book explores new areas of wolves and the history of werewolves. This book also introduces a character named Azreal, also known as the Moor. This character shows up in the 7th Mercy Thompson book, “Frost Burned”. Having known the character first in that series, it was interesting to learn his backstory in this book. The Moor is a character that lost his wife centuries ago, and she was an Omega wolf. Ever since The Moor joined Bran’s pack, he’s been trying to get Bran to kill him. After the events of this book, I think the Moor gets some closure, and then we see how he’s moved on in “Frost Burned.”


The main plot of this book is that there have been sightings of werewolves in the mountains and Bran sends Charles to investigate. Charles and Anna discover a rogue wolf, that just wants to be left alone, but is not the killer they are looking for. Then they discover a witch who has created a golem that looks like The Moor’s dead wife. The witch is connected to The Moor’s past and is the reason of his wife’s death. The Moor figures this out and then tries to go and help Charles.

Ultimately, I found this book to be a bit boring, and w

hile interesting past details and histories of some characters, I had a hard time getting through this book. The witch villain plot was kind of confusing and all over the place. The relationship between Charles and Anna is not well done. I understand that being a ‘fated mate’ is something that wolves can’t control, but that doesn’t explain Anna just getting over her past trauma so easily. They do a good job of showing that she cares for his physical wounds, and that Charles is being patient with her emotional situation. However, I just don’t feel any chemistry between the characters, and Anna agrees to marriage too easily.


Overall, I think the idea of a spin-off series set in the world of Mercy Thompson is a great idea, I just think this book wasn’t well executed. I found the short story to be more compelling than the book. Since I wasn’t big on this book, and I read the first few chapters of the second book and couldn’t get into it, I’m going to shelve this series for a while, and move on to other books that I want to read. So, look forward to new posts, and hopefully some short stories as well. Thank you for reading, and be sure to leave a comment below, or you can help a struggling writer by buying me a coffee here https://www.buymeacoffee.com/TheChosenGirl 





Thursday, October 20, 2022

Current list of previous posts

Welcome all readers and book lovers to the Fantastic Literature Review blog. If you're new to the blog and don't want to browse through the back catalog of reviews, then here is an updated full list of all my previous reviews and posts. Check the list and see if there is a story or book that you like, and click on the link for the review instead of searching the blog. Enjoy the reviews and thank you for reading!


Book Reviews
Mercy Thompson Series by Patricia Briggs
Soul Taken



          Harry Potter By J.K. Rowling






                        More Book Reviews

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
The Virgin Suicides by Jeffrey Eugenides
The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan
Where the Crawdad Sing by Delia Owens
A Princess of Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs
1984 by George Orwell
Brave New World by Aldous Huxley
The Haunting of Hill House by Shirley Jackson



Short Story Reviews
Science Fiction




Horror and Dark Fantasy









The Lord of the Rings movie reviews

If you like movies check out the movies review page. I've not updated it in a while, but some reviews include Spider-Man: Far From Home, Justice League, Aladdin (2019) and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.

Movie Reviews

 


Wednesday, October 12, 2022

Review of Smoke Bitten by Patricia Briggs

 

Review of Smoke Bitten by Patricia Briggs

Buy the book here

After really enjoying the last book, I was hopeful that “Smoke Bitten” would be another solid entry into the series. I think this book starts off good, but sort of loses its way as it goes. The ending was a bit rushed and anticlimactic. The main story revolves around a fae creature that gets loose from Underhill, the original land of the fae, and bites people in order to take control of their bodies and do their bidding. The book opens up with a scene at Mercy’s old house right next to Adam’s pack house, which was nice to see. It’s starts off as a murder mystery and on the hunt for a smoke biting rabbit. There’s also a subplot with Adam dealing with a curse on his wolf, and it feels rather strung out and annoying, rather than Adam actually dealing with the repercussions of the ending of the last book. Mercy figures out a way to help Adam, even when the story goes to some dark places.

While I like the mystery of the smoke beast and how it connects to the fae and Underhill, I feel like there’s not enough scenes with the actual smoke beast to make the ending satisfying. There’s also another subplot involving rogue wolves trying to take over the pack. They take over the middle part of the book, and barely factor into the smoke beast plot. There’s a female wolf that is apparently very deadly, and she’s disposed of too easily at the end.

This book also deals more with some of the pack members, picking up on stuff that was established in other books. Unfortunately the vampire Stefan gets benched this book, but they do mention the scary vampire named Wolf that has decided to stalk Mercy. Wolf even temporarily takes away the powers of the fire touched child Aidan, that Mercy and Adam has adopted as a son for public appearances.

We do get a few scenes with Z, Mercy’s mentor, and his college aged son Tad, working in the garage with Mercy, which is always fun. Adam’s daughter Jessie even hangs out with Tad because her friend has a crush on him, and because Tad is a powerful fae that can protect her. At the beginning of the book, Jessie mom, Christy starts some drama, causing some people to turn briefly on Mercy, over that fact that Jessie is going to go to a local college rather than the universities she got accepted into. It’s a small plot, but one that adds some levity throughout the book.

So, overall I enjoyed this book, but I think some problems with the Adam’s wolf storyline and the vagueness of the smoke beast, weigh it down. I always love these books for the interactions between Mercy and the characters, and it was nice to return to fae focused plot. This book reminds me of book seven "Frost Burned", where I really like the first half, then the second half slows down and everything is resolved too neatly with vague explanations for how it all fits together.

There is a new book in the series coming out in 2022, titled “Soul Taken”. As soon as I can I will read that book and do a review. There is a  Mercy Thompson spin-off series called “Alpha and Omega” based on Charles the son of Bran Cornick, the Leader of the wolves, and surrogate father to Mercy, and Charles' mate Anna. So, I’ll do reviews of those books as I read them. There is also a collection of short stories about Mercy Thompson that I might try to read as I read Alpha and Omega, but I will be taking some time off from this world, in order to read some other kinds of books and more short stories for the Halloween season.

Thanks for reading these reviews, let me know what you thoughts are in the comments section. If you like werewolf stories you can read mine on Wattpad "The Lunar Spirit".

https://www.wattpad.com/story/306771957-the-lunar-spirit


Get ready for Halloween by reading my witch story, "Grave Little Witches"






Wednesday, September 14, 2022

Review of Storm Cursed by Patricia Briggs

 Review of Storm Cursed by Patricia Briggs

After being disappointed by the last two books, they had their moment, I was pleasantly surprised to find that I really enjoyed Storm Cursed. This book opens with Mercy and a couple of wolves going to a farmer’s barn to take care of a pesky goblin. Larry the Goblin King from the last book returns here, to help. I like the addition of exploring the goblins and other fae. Mercy then encounters zombie goats, and that’s when the plot really kicks in. This book focuses on witches and black magic. The witch Elisaveta that works for the pack is the focus, after her family is killed when a rival coven blows into town. Mercy and her husband (pack Alpha) Adam discover that Elizaveta has been using black magic, something that is prohibited amongst Adam’s pack.


This book also picks up on the plot that was established in Frost Burned, concerning the vampire Frost, and the plot to assassinate a senator. It ties the witches and the Frost plot all together. It was a good conclusion to a plot that was lazily dealt with in another book. The witches we meet here are scary and pose a real threat to Mercy and her team, which adds more weight and urgency to the situation. The witches turn creatures into zombies and even had a dragon. Yes, a dragon has finally appeared in this urban fantasy series.


One of the things that I really enjoyed about this book is that it is a return to form for the Mercy Thompson series. Mercy is working in her automotive garage with Z and his son Tad. We hangout at the fae bar with Uncle Mike, we explore a new type of supernatural thing (witches), we get Stefan the vampire and we get more of the vampire named Wolf. It feels like a Mercy Thompson story in a way that the last two books didn’t.


This book also brings back Mercy’s sort of father, Coyote, and her brother makes a cameo, just to remind you, these characters are still around. Coyote is a fun character and I always enjoy learning more about him and explaining Mercy’s powers to her. A few books ago, there was a new wolf to join the pack named Sherwood. He was a background pack character that had a mysterious past. Well, this book tells you exactly who Sherwood is, and that he was captured an enslaved by a coven in the past, thus his expertise is required for the current situation. This book does a great job balancing the threat with the witches and checking in with beloved characters that we’ve missed.



Overall, I really enjoyed this movie, it might even be my third favorite in the series, behind “River Marked”. I loved having witches as the villain, they were scary, and the ending was tragic, killing off a character that I liked. The stakes of this story were high, and I loved catching up with old characters. The pacing never dragged making it an easy read. Hopefully the next book will also be a good one.

Wednesday, September 7, 2022

Review of Silence Fallen by Patricia Briggs

 

Review of "Silence Fallen" by Patricia Briggs

Buy Book Here

This book picks up a few months after the events of the last book, and immediately goes into the story plot. Mercy is kidnapped and taken to Italy, and then escapes to Prague, all without her mate Adam knowing what happened or where she is. The whole book takes places in Europe which is nice to have a change of setting for the characters. Mercy eventually is able to get a message out, and Adam flies to Italy with a group of people; two being vampires (Stefan and Marsilia), a witch, goblins and werewolves. They meet with Marsillia’s old lover, the vampire Master of Milan, Jakob Bonarata. Mercy seeks refuge with a wolf pack in Prague but gets caught up with other vampires, ghosts and a golem. Eventually Adam rescues her without creating trouble with Bonarata, who was the one that kidnapped her in the first place.

While I do like the change of location, and exploring the supernatural creatures in Europe, I found the overall story a bit boring at times. This book, unlike previous ones, changes perspective from Mercy to Adam, which I found it a bit jarring at times. Although it was nice to see how things were unfolding from Adam’s side of the mission. Adam can sometimes be a hot head leader, so it was interesting to see him remain reserved around Bonarata and concede to Marsilia’s advice when dealing with the Master of Milan.


Unfortunately, this book suffers from too many characters. Not only do we get some returning characters but we also get introduced to a ton of new characters all of which have a small presence. The new major players are Bonarata, and Lebore the alpha wolf of the pack in Prague. Lebore has history with Bran, Mercy’s surrogate father figure and head of the wolves in America. So, I’m curious if we will get more of that story or not. This book also does some connecting the dots with previous books, tying up lose ends.


We also get our first character that is a goblin, named Larry. While this book is mostly vampire centric, it does a good job of introducing goblins and golems are supernatural/fae beings. The one thing I have always loved about these books is the world that Briggs has created. It’s an urban fantasy that isn’t super dark in tone but rather feels like a real world that we could live in.

Ultimately, this was a mixed book for me. I wasn’t drawn into it and found myself getting bored with the plot during the last third of the book. The final conflict was disappointing, and I don’t like it when the author brings something in at the end that had nothing to do with the major plot of the story. Unlike the last book, “Silence Fallen” did a better job handling the politics between the various supernatural and fae races, while introducing new characters and ideas. The change of setting was fun and getting a glimpse into how other vampire seethes and wolf pack are run was interesting.


This series is at it’s best when the characters are interacting and responding to each other. I really enjoyed Adam having to spend time with Marsilia and Stefan, plus we get more of Elizaveta the witch, and Larry the Goblin king was a fun addition to the group. The book also has a recurring Matt Smith is the Doctor, joke that I appreciate being a fan of the show Doctor Who. While the side trip to Europe was a nice change of scenery, I look forward to getting back to the Tri-Cities location, and a more standard Mercy Thompson story next novel.

 

Wednesday, August 31, 2022

Review of Fire Touched by Patricia Briggs

 

Review of “Fire Touched” A Mercy Thompson novel by Patricia Briggs

The ninth book in this series starts to suffer from the weight of the world that Briggs has built. This book revolves around the politics between the Fae and the wolves and vampires that live in the city. The Fae were the focus of books three and five and have had small presences in other books. “Fire Touched” focuses on the politics of the Fae and their home world of Underhill.

The book opens with a troll attack on a bridge, and Mercy and the wolves try to help save civilians. I found this opening to be too drawn out and boring, but it’s the catalyst for a war brewing with the Grey Lords, a council of leaders of Fae kind. Mercy’s old fae friend, Z brings her a young-looking boy that has escaped from Underhill. The boy, Aiden, was a human that looks like a twelve-year-old but has spent centuries in Underhill and developed fire powers.

The Grey Lords want Aiden to be turned over to them, to study why and how he has Fae powers, as well as how he survived and escaped Underhill. The Fae races were cut off from Underhill years ago and long to return. Mercy and Adam help protect Aiden from the Grey Lords, in the mix they met up with a vampire Mercy met in another book, who is traveling with an old Fae woman. The groups met up with the Grey Lords, who state that if Mercy can retrieve an artifact from Underhill, they will give a truce to stay out of the cities.

Mercy and Adam with the guide of Aiden navigate their way through Underhill to retrieve the artifact. Aiden has to face off with Underhill itself, and they trade an unborn life (a chicken egg) in order to be granted permission to leave. The group makes it back and everything works out between the Grey Lords. There is also a small subplot with Babayaga, who gives Mercy advice about dealing with the Fae, like bringing an egg with her. Then it’s revealed that the Babayaga is actually behind a multi-level marketing essential oils company, using real magic in the products.

While there are a few good moments, such as the ending in Underhill, most this book is dull and redundant. This book suffers from too many new characters making it hard to keep track of who is who. None of the Grey Lords make any impression, except the one we met last book. I do like the new older fae woman that just wants to sleep with her vampire protector, but that plot doesn’t really go anywhere. The main plot of Fae politics is also hard to follow because the conflict is thin, and it slows the pacing of the book. I found myself slogging through this one. I kept putting it off and putting it off. It just didn’t capture my interest. It’s not the worst story in the series, the plot is fair but for me it might be the most boring book in the series so far.


I liked getting to see more of Underhill and learning about some of the history of the Fae. I don’t think it was really ever explained how Aiden got fire powers, but it doesn’t have to, I guess. Here's hoping that the next book is better, because I really do like the characters and the urban fantasy world the Patricia Briggs has built.